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Compare A, C. E., Grossi E. (2012). Mindfulness trait, Eating Behaviours and Body Uneasiness; A Case-Control Study of Binge Eating Disorder. Eat Weight Disord., Oct 9.
Abstract: Abstract
Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is a complex and multifaceted eating disorder and the literature indicates that BED patients show greater difficulty identifying and making sense of emotional states, and that they have limited access to emotion regulation strategies. Findings show many links between mindfulness and emotional regulation however there has been no previous research on mindfulness traits in BED patients. Method: One hundred fifty BED patients (N = 150: women = 98, men = 52; age: 49.3 ± 4.1) were matched for gender, age, marital status and educational level with 150 non-bingeing obese and 150 normal-weight subjects. All were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Objective bulimic episodes (EDE-OBEs) and Body Uneasiness Test (BUT). For all the participants past or current meditation experience was an exclusion criteria. Results: Findings showed that Mindfulness-global, Non reactivity to experience, Acting with awareness, Describing with words and Observation of experience scores were significantly lower in BED than control groups (p<.05). However on the mindfulness measures the obese control group did not differ from the normal weight control group. Moreover correlations showed that mindfulness was more widely negatively correlated with the BED's OBEs, BES and BUT-GSI scores. Meanwhile binge eating behaviours, frequency and severity (OBEs and BES), were more negatively correlated with action (Non-reactivity-to-experience and Acting-with-awareness scores) Body Uneasiness was more negatively correlated with mental processes (Describing-with-words and Observation-of-experience) and mindfulness features. Conclusion: Implications on understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of problematic eating in BED were considered. Moreover clinical considerations on treatment targets of mindfulness-based eating awareness training were discussed.
Keywords: Mindfulness binge eating, obesity, eating disorders
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Lehto RH, W. G. (2012). Perceptions about Using Midfulness Therapy: A Lung Caner Focus Group Study. Cancer Nurs, Oct 5.
Abstract: Abstract
BACKGROUND:: Patients with lung cancer are in need of effective strategies to modify symptom burden and improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). One promising approach to symptom management is an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention, which incorporates meditation, breathing, and gentle yoga exercises. It requires few resources to implement, but has not been adequately tested with lung cancer patients. OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this study was to obtain lung cancer patient perceptions of a mindfulness-based intervention. METHODS:: Eleven lung cancer patients participated in audio-taped focus group sessions led by the investigator. Discussion questions probed patient perceptions of mindfulness in terms of symptom management, including benefits and barriers to this therapy and ways the intervention may need to be adapted to accommodate them. RESULTS:: Three primary themes from the qualitative analysis include (1) awareness and interest, (2) perceived barriers and benefits, and (3) recommended adaptations. Specific perceptions included the importance of targeting key symptoms such as dyspnea, worry, and insomnia, whereas recommendations pointed out the need for a shorter duration than the standard 8-week protocol and a home-based approach for greater accessibility. CONCLUSIONS:: The design of mindfulness-based intervention protocols must consider unique characteristics of this vulnerable group, such as targeting specific symptoms, reducing the 8-week protocol, and a home-based offering. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:: Nurses are integral to optimizing HRQOL and independent functioning for lung cancer patients. As lung cancer survivorship is extended, it becomes increasingly imperative that a range of supportive resources is available for patients to manage symptoms and improve HRQOL.
Keywords: Meditation, mindfulness, cancer, lung cancer
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Bohus M. (2012). [Mindfulness-based [psychotherapy.]. Der Nervenarzt, .
Abstract: Abstract
Mindfulness-based psychotherapy is rooted in the Far East meditation culture. In the context of psychotherapy mindfulness-based treatment programs mostly include mindfulness as modular components aiming at acceptance of aversive circumstances or emotions and on improvement of metacognitive awareness. Currently there are five mindfulness-based concepts with different proof of effectiveness: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) can be classified as effective in reducing the risk of relapse in patients with recurrent depression, whereas the popular mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) reveals only small effect sizes. In summary, mindfulness used as one component in modular conceptualized treatment programs seems to be both acceptable and effective.
Keywords: Meditation, mindulness, depression
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Libby DJ, R. F. P. C. E., Desai RA. (2012). The Use of Yoga in Specialized VA PTSD Treatment Programs. Int J Yoga Therap, (22), 79–88.
Abstract: Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating anxiety disorder that is highly prevalent among U.S. military veterans. Yoga, defined to include physical postures (asana) and mindfulness and meditation, is being increasingly used as an adjunctive treatment for PTSD and other psychological disorders. No research or administrative data have detailed the use of these services in Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) 170 PTSD treatment programs. Methods: One hundred twenty-five program coordinators or designated staff completed an 81-item survey of their program's use of complementary and alternative medicine modalities in the past year. This report describes data from a subset of 30 questions used to assess the prevalence, nature, and context of the use of yoga, mindfulness, and meditation other than mindfulness practices. Results: Results revealed that these practices are widely offered in VA specialized PTSD treatment programs and that there is great variability in the context and nature of how they are delivered. Conclusions: Understanding how yoga is used by these programs may inform ongoing efforts to define and distinguish yoga therapy as a respected therapeutic discipline and to create patient-centered care models that mindfully fulfill the unmet needs of individuals with mental health issues, including veterans with PTSD.
Keywords: Meditation, minfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, veterans
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Mascaro JS, R. J. K., Tenzin Negi L, Raison CL. (2012). Compassion meditation enhances empathic accuracy and related neural activity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, .
Abstract: The ability to accurately infer others' mental states from facial expressions is important for optimal social functioning and is fundamentally impaired in social cognitive disorders such as autism. While pharmacologic interventions have shown promise for enhancing empathic accuracy, little is known about the effects of behavioral interventions on empathic accuracy and related brain activity. This study employed a randomized, controlled and longitudinal design to investigate the effect of a secularized analytical compassion meditation program, cognitive-based compassion training (CBCT), on empathic accuracy. Twenty-one healthy participants received functional MRI scans while completing an empathic accuracy task, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), both prior to and after completion of either CBCT or a health discussion control group. Upon completion of the study interventions, participants randomized to CBCT and were significantly more likely than control subjects to have increased scores on the RMET and increased neural activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Moreover, changes in dmPFC and IFG activity from baseline to the post-intervention assessment were associated with changes in empathic accuracy. These findings suggest that CBCT may hold promise as a behavioral intervention for enhancing empathic accuracy and the neurobiology supporting it.
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